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Über die Integration von Ausländerinnen und Ausländern. Die Implementierung von Integrationsvereinbarungen in der Schweiz

May 29, 2019

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By: Cesare Annecchiarico

Wann immer ausländische Staatsbürger in die Schweiz kommen, um hier zu arbeiten, durchlaufen Sie, vor Ihrer eigentlichen Ankunft und ihrem Arbeitsbeginn, einen komplexen Prozess. Dieser Prozess stellt sicher, dass die ausländischen Arbeitnehmer  in der Schweiz rechtmässig leben und arbeiten dürfen. Das gleiche gilt, wenn Ehepartner oder Kinder involviert sind. Die Ehepartner möchten vielleicht auch arbeiten und die Kinder müssen beispielsweise zur Schule. Abgesehen von den Gesetzen, die es für diese Prozesse zu beachten gilt, sind Arbeit, Schule und weitere Aspekte ein wichtiger Teil der Integration.

Unter anderem heisst das 2005 eingeführte «Bundesgesetz über die Ausländerinnen und Ausländer» (AUG), seit dem 01. März 2019 «Bundesgesetz über die Ausländer- und über die Integration» (nachfolgend AIG). Bezüglich der Integration soll diese bei Ausländerinnen und Ausländern durch positive Anreize und geeigneten Massnahmen verbessert werden. Als Beispiel will der Bund den Zugang zum Arbeitsmarkt für Flüchtlinge und vorläufig Aufgenommene erleichtern oder Aufenthaltsbewilligungen an konkrete Integrationsvereinbarungen binden.

So heisst es in Art. 54 AIG, dass die Integrationsförderung weiter auf den bestehenden Strukturen des Bundes, der Kantone und Gemeinden erfolgt. Genauer heisst das, dass die Integration in schulischen und ausserschulischen Bildungs- und Betreuungsangeboten, in der Arbeitswelt, der Raumentwicklung, im Sport, den Medien und/oder kulturellen Angeboten stattfindet. Diese Integration ist natürlich auch an gewisse Kriterien gebunden. Gemäss Art. 58a AIG wird von Ausländerinnen und Ausländern erwartet, dass sie die öffentliche Sicherheit und Ordnung beachten, die Werte der Bundesverfassung respektieren, ihre Sprachkompetenzen erweitern und am Wirtschaftsleben teilnehmen bzw. Bildung erwerben.

Um die Integration von Seiten des Staates durchführen zu können, vereinbaren alle Kantone mit dem Bund gewisse Integrationsziele. Diese Ziele werden dann mittels einem Programm umgesetzt. So gibt es im Kanton Zürich zum Beispiel ein «Kantonales Integrationsprogramm» (KIP 2). Das aktuelle Programm läuft von 2018 bis 2021. Im Kanton Zürich wird im Rahmen des genannten Programms auf drei Schwerpunkte gesetzt. Diese wären «Information und Beratung», «Bildung und Arbeit» sowie «Verständigung und gesellschaftliche Integration».

Das klingt aber alles noch sehr allgemein. Was bedeutet das konkret?

Will man sich in einem fremden Land integrieren, gelingt das vor allem dann, wenn man die Sprache dieses Landes spricht. Die Sprache ist der Schlüssel zur Integration. In der Schweiz ist das nicht anders. Daher knüpfen die Kantone jetzt und in Zukunft den Erhalt von Bewilligungen direkt an die sprachlichen Fähigkeiten des Individuums. Auch hier greift der Föderalismus. Das heisst, die Kantone bestimmen selbst, wie die Gesetze angewendet werden. Das wiederum bedeutet, dass es bezüglich der sprachlichen Integration auf kantonaler Ebene Unterschiede gibt. Als Beispiel können hier die Kantone Luzern und Solothurn genannt werden: Im Kanton Luzern, wie auch im Kanton Solothurn, müssen die sprachlichen Kompetenzen vor allem bei Aufenthaltsbewilligungen B und Niederlassungsbewilligungen C nachgewiesen werden. Im Kanton Luzern müssen Angehörige von Schweizern im Rahmen des Familiennachzugs mindestens eine Anmeldung und Zahlungsbestätigung für einen Sprachkurs vorweisen. Dieser Sprachkurs muss die Person auf ein bestimmtes Sprachniveau bringen. Geht es beispielsweise darum, eine C-Bewilligung zu beantragen, müssen die Sprachkenntnisse auf Niveau A2 (mündlich) und A1 (schriftlich) bereits vorhanden sein. Für eine B-Bewilligung sind die Sprachkenntnisse auf Niveau A1 erforderlich.

Im Kanton Solothurn wird das Gesetz anders umgesetzt. Wird im Kanton Solothurn für Drittstaatsangehörige ein Gesuch für eine B-Bewilligung (Langzeit) eingereicht, muss spätestens wenn der Familiennachzug behandelt wird, die Anmeldung mit Zahlungsbetätigung für einen Sprachkurs in der Schweiz eingereicht werden. Bis Ende Jahr  gelten Übergangsbestimmungen, wonach jedes Sprachzertifikat, welches das Niveau A1 bestätigt, akzeptiert wird. Ab dem ersten Januar müssen dann allerdings zertifizierte Sprachzertifikate erbracht werden, wie zum Beispiel jene des Goethe Instituts, TELC und ähnliche.

Das klingt auf den ersten Blick kompliziert und schwierig umzusetzen. Allerdings sollte man nicht vergessen, dass es eines der wichtigsten Ziele der Schweiz ist, die Integration und damit das Zusammenleben zu fördern.

Haben Sie Fragen zur Schweiz? Wenden Sie sich an Ihren Immigration Consultant Cesare Annecchiarico: [email protected]

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