USCIS Employer Site Visits: What Employers Need to Know

Since 2010, the USCIS Fraud Detection and National Security (FDNS) unit has conducted unannounced inspections of the worksites of employers who sponsor foreign workers. The purpose of site inspections is to verify the information that employers provide in their immigration petitions and make sure that sponsored workers are complying with the terms of their admission. In recent years, FDNS inspectors have concentrated on H-1B employment, but USCIS has recently expanded the program to include L-1 employers as well. 

The following updated Frequently Asked Questions address the latest developments in the site visit program, based on Fragomen’s continuing analysis of FDNS practices. If your company is contacted by an FDNS officer, call your designated Fragomen professional immediately to discuss options, including the possibility of having counsel present during a site visit. 

1. Why does USCIS make employer site visits? 

The Fraud Detection and National Security unit of USCIS has been making employer site visits for several years under its Administrative Site Visit and Verification Program (ASVVP). The goal of ASVVP is verify that the petitioning employer and foreign beneficiary are complying with the terms of the approved nonimmigrant worker petition and, more generally, to raise awareness of compliance obligations among the employer community. 

Site visits may also be conducted as part of a Benefits Fraud and Compliance Assessment (BFCA). BFCAs are initiatives that review specific immigration programs – such as the H-1B or L-1 program – to determine the incidence of fraud in that particular program. A BFCA typically lasts for several months. During this time, USCIS randomly selects a large number of petitions or applications for benefits in the particular category being assessed. These cases are assigned to FDNS officers, who visit the premises of sponsoring employers to verify the existence of the employer, the validity of the information the employer has provided in an immigration petition, and whether sponsored foreign nationals are working in compliance with the terms of their admission to the United States. 

In addition to verifying the validity of data contained in an immigration petition, FDNS officers use information collected during site visits to help USCIS develop a fraud detection database. FDNS officers gather information to build profiles of the types of companies that have records of good faith use of immigration programs and records of immigration compliance, and also to identify factors that could indicate fraud. 

2. How are organizations selected for an FDNS site inspection? How many site inspections are conducted each year?

USCIS randomly selects immigration petitions for verification and site inspection. According to officials, the agency does not rely on fraud indicators or other specific criteria to choose petitions for inspection. Employers that are frequent H-1B and/or L-1 petitioners stand a greater chance of being selected for site visits. 

FDNS conducts roughly 15,000 site inspections per year. Despite the expansion of the program to L-1 petitions, the agency is not expected to increase the number of inspections it conducts. 

3. Does USCIS give advance notice of a site visit? 

In most cases, officers from the FDNS unit will arrive at the worksite unannounced, though occasionally an officer may call the company to inform it of an impending visit. 

4. Can I request our Fragomen attorney’s presence during the site visit? 

You can ask to have counsel present during the site visit, especially because your attorney has submitted a Form G-28 notice of appearance, confirming that the company has legal representation in connection with each petition it files. In our experience, FDNS officers will not typically reschedule a site visit so that an attorney can be physically present, but may agree to allow counsel to be present by phone. In the alternative, you may contact your Fragomen professional with questions during the course of the site visit. If the officer is resistant, you should explain that having the company’s immigration counsel present or available by phone will help the employer respond fully and accurately to the officer’s questions and requests for information. 

5. Who are the FDNS officers? Can I ask to see the officer’s identification? 

Currently, site visits are conducted by USCIS officers. There are 74 FDNS inspectors located around the United States. Previously, USCIS contracted with private investigation firms to conduct site inspections, but that practice has been discontinued. 

When an FDNS officer appears at your company premises, you should ask to see his or her identification and business card. If you have any concerns about the visitor’s credentials, you may call the telephone number on the business card to verify the visitor’s authority to conduct the inquiry. You should note the site visitor’s name, title and contact information for your company’s records of the site visit. 

6. My company has a policy of admitting government officials only when they have a subpoena. Must we cooperate with the FDNS officer? 

Fragomen strongly urges employers to cooperate with FDNS officers. 

In submitting petitions for immigration benefits, employers subject themselves to reasonable inquiries from the government. The regulations governing immigration petitions expressly allow the government to take testimony and conduct broad investigations relating to the petition. Employers who file an I-129 petition for a nonimmigrant worker authorize the release of any information from its records that USCIS might need to determine eligibility for the immigration benefit sought. The instructions to the I-129 petition state that USCIS may verify the information submitted in the petition through any means that the agency deems appropriate, including on-site inspections. Thus, it is important to make efforts to cooperate with FNDS officers. 

This does not mean that there are no “off limits” requests. Depending upon all of the circumstances, an employer may conclude that a government request is not sufficiently related to the immigration petition being verified and could decline to respond to a particular request. But it is important to weigh your company’s interests before deciding not to respond, because a failure to cooperate fully could jeopardize the specific immigration petition in question and compromise the company’s likelihood of success in future filings. 

7. What happens during an FDNS site visit? 

Usually, the officer is making the site visit to verify information in a specific immigration petition, and will generally have a copy of the petition. Typically, the officer will ask to speak to an employer representative, such as a human resources manager, as well as the foreign beneficiary of the petition in question and his or her direct supervisor or manager. The officer may ask for a tour of the employer’s premises and the foreign national’s work area, and may want to photograph the premises. Employers may be asked to provide documents like payroll records or paystubs for the foreign national, or an organizational chart. 

8. Should a company representative accompany the FDNS officer during the site visit? Should the representative take notes? 

Yes, a company representative should accompany the officer while he or she is onsite. Be aware that the FDNS officer may decline the representative’s request to sit in on interviews with foreign employees, however. 

During the site visit, the company representative should take detailed notes, including the officer’s name, title and contact information; the names and titles of individuals the officer interviews; the questions asked and responses offered; any company documents provided to the officer; the areas of the worksite that the officer visits; and any photographs taken by the officer. If company documents are provided to the officer, the company representative should be sure to list the documents provided and retain copies of them. If the FDNS officer takes photographs of the premises, the representative should ask for copies of them. 

9. How long does a site visit usually last? 

In our experience, FDNS officers typically spend anywhere from 15 to 90 minutes at the employer’s site, with visits usually taking under an hour. However, longer visits are possible. 

10. My company has already received visits from FDNS. Should we expect additional visits? 

Multiple visits to an employer’s worksite are possible. If an employer has multiple H-1B and/or L-1 employees, it may receive more than one visit, with each visit pertaining to a specific nonimmigrant petition. In addition, an FDNS officer could return to the premises to follow up on a previous visit. 

FDNS is reportedly considering an initiative that would allow officers to conduct petition verifications entirely by phone or to defer verifications if the employer has a strong record of compliance as demonstrated in prior on-site inspections. 

11. If a foreign employee is stationed at a third-party worksite, could FDNS conduct a visit at that site? 

The FDNS officer typically conducts the site visit at the worksite of the foreign beneficiary of an immigration petition, whether the worksite is the employer’s own premises or the premises of a client. If your company has a foreign employee stationed at a client site – for example, to perform services for a client pursuant to a contract with your company – an FDNS officer could seek to conduct a visit at the client site. Likewise, if a foreign national employee of another company is stationed at your company’s worksite, FDNS could seek to visit your premises to interview the employee. 

Therefore, employers should communicate with vendors and/or clients to discuss the possibility of FDNS visits at either premises. Your clients should be asked to contact your organization immediately if an FDNS officer appears for a site visit pertaining to one of your employees, so that a representative from your company can be present in person or by phone during the visit. Similarly, if your organization receives a site visit pertaining to a vendor’s employee, you should immediately contact the vendor. 

12. What kinds of questions will the FDNS officer ask? 

During a visit, the FDNS officer usually works from a standard list of questions used for all employers. The officer may ask about the employer’s business, annual revenue and the number of employees at a particular location, in the United States or worldwide. The officer may also ask whether the employer actually signed and filed the immigration petition, to make sure that it was not filed fraudulently, and may also ask about the employer’s overall use of specific immigration programs. 

The FDNS officer may want to question the HR representative and the foreign national about the foreign worker’s job title, responsibilities and salary, as well as those of other employees in similar positions. The officer may also ask about the foreign national’s education, previous employment, residence, and family members in the United States. 

13. What if I don’t know the exact answer to the FDNS officer’s question? 

In some cases, the FDNS officer may ask for very specific information, like the number of all sponsored foreign workers employed by the company in the United States or the number of immigration petitions filed by the employer within a given time period. If you can’t give an exact answer to the question without reviewing company records or if you need the assistance of outside immigration counsel to obtain the data, let the officer know. In some cases, the officer may be satisfied with an approximate answer. If the officer asks for exact information, you can request a reasonable amount of time to gather the information sought and follow up with the officer. 

14. Our company has a policy against allowing unaffiliated individuals to tour or photograph our premises. If the officer asks to see or take pictures of the worksite, must we cooperate? 

Fragomen recommends that employers comply with reasonable requests to examine and photograph the employer’s premises or work area. However, if your company has a strict policy against tours or photographs, you should explain that to the officer. 

15. What happens after a site visit? 

After a site visit, the FDNS officer may contact the employer or the foreign national by phone or email to request additional information. In cases where there appears to be a discrepancy between the information in an immigration petition and the circumstances at the worksite, USCIS may notify the employer of its intent to revoke the petition. If that occurs, the agency will provide the employer with an opportunity to explain any perceived inconsistencies. If there have been changes in a foreign worker’s conditions of employment since the approval of the petition, the employer may need to file an amendment with USCIS. 

If your organization is contacted after a site visit, let your designated Fragomen professional know as soon as possible.