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Unlocking Spanish Nationality for Descendants of Exiled: Apply Before the Deadline

June 12, 2024

Unlocking Spanish Nationality for Descendants of Exiled: Apply Before the Deadline

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By: Nayra Maria Prado Marrero, Miguel Cortés Ordóñez

*Scroll down to read this blog in English.


Desentrañando la Nacionalidad Española para Descendientes de Exiliados: ¡Aplica antes que finalice el plazo!

*Actualización: Desde la publicación de este blog en junio de 2024, el plazo de presentación de solicitudes se ha ampliado un año completo hasta el 21 de octubre de 2025. La Ley de Memoria Democrática ofrece una nueva forma de obtener la nacionalidad española para los descendientes de aquellos españoles que tuvieron que irse al exilio debido a la persecución durante la Guerra Civil. Teniendo en cuenta esta extensión del plazo, animamos a los solicitantes a que se tomen su tiempo para seleccionar cuidadosamente su solicitud.

La Guerra Civil Española y la subsiguiente dictadura de Franco causaron una represión generalizada y forzaron a muchos opositores al exilio. Este período no solo afectó a aquellos que se opusieron directamente al régimen, sino que también impactó negativamente a sus descendientes, privándolos de su conexión con España. Como resultado, muchos descendientes no han podido retener la nacionalidad española, rompiendo sus lazos con su tierra ancestral.

En respuesta a este problema, el Código Civil español fue modificado en 2002 para permitir a los hijos de españoles optar por la nacionalidad española. Sin embargo, esta enmienda no abordó específicamente las necesidades de aquellos afectados por la represión franquista.

Para remediar esto, el gobierno español promulgó la Ley de Memoria Histórica en 2007, destinada a reconocer y ampliar el derecho a obtener la nacionalidad española para los descendientes de aquellos que sufrieron persecución o violencia durante la Guerra Civil y la dictadura de Franco.

Esta ley fue refundida en 2021 en la Ley de Memoria Democrática, que introduce una nueva vía para acceder a la nacionalidad española, ofreciendo un enfoque más integral e inclusivo. El plazo para solicitar la nacionalidad española de acuerdo con la Ley de Memoria Democrática finaliza el 21 de octubre de 2024.

Mejoras de la Ley de Memoria Democrática

La Ley de Memoria Democrática amplía el rango de personas y circunstancias que califican para la nacionalidad española. Las vías principales según la ley incluyen:

    • Hijos nacidos fuera de España de padres o madres, abuelas o abuelos que originalmente habían sido españoles y que, como consecuencia de haber sufrido exilio por razones políticas, ideológicas o de creencias, o por orientación e identidad sexual, perdieron o renunciaron a su nacionalidad española.
    • Hijos nacidos en el extranjero de mujeres españolas que perdieron su nacionalidad al casarse con extranjeros antes de la entrada en vigor de la Constitución de 1978.
    • Hijos adultos de españoles que recuperaron su nacionalidad española a través de la Ley de Memoria Histórica o la actual Ley de Memoria Democrática. Esta disposición asegura que los beneficios de estas leyes se extiendan a la siguiente generación, preservando su conexión con España.
    • Personas que obtuvieron la nacionalidad española siguiendo las disposiciones de la Ley de Memoria Histórica y que ahora buscan ajustar su estatus para obtener la "nacionalidad de origen". Esto permite a las personas corregir su estatus y obtener la plena "nacionalidad de origen", alineándose con la intención reparadora de la ley.
    • Voluntarios de las Brigadas Internacionales que participaron en la Guerra Civil Española (1936-1939).

La Ley de Memoria Democrática confiere el estatus de nacionalidad española desde el momento en que se concede y no requiere que los solicitantes renuncien a su otra nacionalidad al adquirir la nacionalidad española, proporcionando una mayor flexibilidad.

Proceso de Solicitud

El proceso para obtener la nacionalidad española comienza con la solicitud en el Registro Civil. Si estás solicitando desde España, debes presentar tu solicitud en la oficina del Registro Civil de tu lugar de residencia. Para aquellos que soliciten desde el extranjero, la solicitud debe presentarse en el Consulado Español con jurisdicción en el lugar de residencia.

Los documentos requeridos para este proceso pueden ser extensos y complejos, ya que a menudo deben obtenerse de diversas autoridades. Esto puede incluir la adquisición de documentos antiguos, como certificados de nacimiento, que pueden ser difíciles de localizar y recuperar. Además, todos los documentos deben estar en español y debidamente legalizados.

El funcionario del Registro Civil revisará la solicitud presentada y, si se cumplen todos los requisitos, la solicitud será aprobada, y el solicitante deberá hacer un juramento de lealtad antes de recibir el certificado de nacimiento que confirme su ciudadanía española. Esto le permitirá posteriormente solicitar un pasaporte español.

Los tiempos de procesamiento pueden variar significativamente, y no existe un período legalmente definido para completar la solicitud.

Plazo de Solicitud: 21 de octubre de 2024

Solicitar la nacionalidad española según la Ley de Memoria Democrática solo está disponible hasta el 21 de octubre de 2024, con una posible extensión de este plazo hasta el 21 de octubre de 2025, sujeto a la aprobación del Gobierno. Este tiempo limitado subraya la urgencia para que las personas elegibles aprovechen esta oportunidad.

Comience con Fragomen

 

*Desplácese hacia arriba para poder leer el blog en español.

 

Unlocking Spanish Nationality for Descendants of Exiled: Apply Before the Deadline!

*Update: Since publishing this blog in June of 2024, the deadline for applications has been extended by a full year to 21 October 2025. The Democratic Memory Law offers a new way to obtain Spanish nationality for the descendants of those Spaniards who had to go into exile due to persecution during the Civil War. Considering this deadline extension, we encourage applicants to take their time carefully curating their application.

The Spanish Civil War and the subsequent Franco dictatorship caused widespread repression and forced many opponents into exile. This period not only affected those who directly opposed the regime but also negatively impacted their descendants, depriving them of their connection to Spain. Consequently, many descendants have not been able to gain Spanish nationality, severing their ties to their ancestral homeland.

In response to this issue, the Spanish Civil Code was amended in 2002 to allow children of Spaniards to opt for Spanish nationality. However, this amendment did not specifically address the needs of those affected by Franco’s repression.

To remedy this, the Spanish government enacted the Historical Memory Law in 2007, aimed at recognizing and expanding rights to Spanish nationality for descendants of those who suffered persecution or violence during the Civil War and Franco’s dictatorship.

This law was recast in 2021 into the Democratic Memory Law, which introduces a new pathway to access Spanish nationality, offering a more comprehensive and inclusive approach. The deadline to apply for Spanish nationality in line with the Democratic Memory Law is October 21, 2024.

The Democratic Memory Law Enhancements

The Democratic Memory Law broadens the range of individuals and circumstances that qualify for Spanish nationality. The primary pathways for applying for nationality under the law include:

      • Children born outside of Spain to fathers or mothers, grandmothers, or grandfathers, who had originally been Spanish, and who, as a consequence of having suffered exile for political, ideological or belief reasons, or sexual orientation and identity, had lost or renounced their Spanish nationality.
      • Children born abroad to Spanish women who lost their nationality by marrying foreigners before the 1978 Constitution took effect.
      • Adult children of Spaniards who regained their Spanish nationality through the Historical Memory Law or the current Democratic Memory Law. This provision ensures that the benefits of these laws extend to the next generation, preserving their connection to Spain.
      • Individuals who gained Spanish nationality following the provisions of the Historical Memory Law and now seek to adjust their status to obtain Spanish “nationality of origin.” This allows individuals to correct their status and obtain full “nationality of origin,” aligning with the law’s reparative intent.
      • Volunteers of the International Brigades who participated in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)

The Democratic Memory Law confers Spanish nationality status from the moment it is granted.

The Democratic Memory Law does not require applicants to renounce their other nationality when acquiring Spanish nationality, providing greater flexibility.

Application Process

The process for obtaining Spanish nationality starts with applying at the Civil Registry. If you are applying from Spain, you need to submit your application to the Civil Registry office in your place of residence. For those applying from abroad, the application must be submitted to the Spanish Consulate in your place of residence.

The required documents for this process can be extensive and complex because they often need to be obtained from various authorities. This can include acquiring older documents, such as birth certificates, which can be challenging to locate and retrieve. Additionally, all documents must be in Spanish and properly legalized.

The Civil Registry officer will review the submitted application and, if all requirements are met, the application will be approved, and the applicant will be required to make an oath of allegiance before being provided with a certificate confirming their Spanish citizenship. This will thereafter allow them to apply for a Spanish passport.

Processing times can vary significantly, and there is no legally defined period for completing the application.

Approaching Deadline: October 21, 2024

Applying for Spanish nationality in line with the Democratic Memory Law is only available until October 21, 2024, with a potential extension of this deadline until October 21, 2025, subject to government approval. This limited time underscores the urgency for eligible individuals to take advantage of this opportunity. 

Need to Know More?

For more information or questions on navigating the rules set out by the Democratic Memory Law, please contact Senior Manager, Nayra Prado at [email protected] or Miguel Cortés Ordóñez at [email protected].

This blog was published on June 12, 2024, and due to the circumstances, there are frequent changes. To keep up to date with all the latest updates on global immigration, please subscribe to our alerts and follow us on LinkedIn, X, Facebook and Instagram.

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Countries / Territories

  • SpainSpain
  • BelgiumBelgium
  • United KingdomUnited Kingdom

Related contacts

Annie Weir - porthole

Annie Weir

Director

London, United Kingdom

Email

[email protected]

T:+44 (0) 20 7090 9407

generic_porthole

Nayra Maria Prado Marrero

Senior Immigration Manager

Brussels, Belgium

Email

[email protected]

T:+32 (0) 2 250 4866

Related offices

  • Brussels
  • London

Share

  • Twitter
  • Facebook
  • LinkedIn

Share

  • Twitter
  • Facebook
  • LinkedIn

Related contacts

Annie Weir - porthole

Annie Weir

Director

London, United Kingdom

Email

[email protected]

T:+44 (0) 20 7090 9407

generic_porthole

Nayra Maria Prado Marrero

Senior Immigration Manager

Brussels, Belgium

Email

[email protected]

T:+32 (0) 2 250 4866

Related offices

  • Brussels
  • London

Share

  • Twitter
  • Facebook
  • LinkedIn

Share

  • Twitter
  • Facebook
  • LinkedIn

Related contacts

Annie Weir - porthole

Annie Weir

Director

London, United Kingdom

Email

[email protected]

T:+44 (0) 20 7090 9407

generic_porthole

Nayra Maria Prado Marrero

Senior Immigration Manager

Brussels, Belgium

Email

[email protected]

T:+32 (0) 2 250 4866

Related offices

  • Brussels
  • London

Share

  • Twitter
  • Facebook
  • LinkedIn

Share

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