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By: Jenna Robinson
For most foreign nationals, the ability to obtain a green card can come from one of two ways: family-based or employment-based. Through the conventional employment-based route, a green card application requires a job offer from a U.S. sponsoring employer. But is this always required? The answer is no, for some.
With millennials starting to take over the work force, technological innovation and start-up companies are becoming increasingly popular. Some occupations by nature are predominantly for the self-employed and many traditional employers have limitations on both when and who they will sponsor for a green card. Not to mention, the most common employment-based application requires a labor market test administered by the Department of Labor which can take up to 18 months to get approved.
However, unbeknownst to many, there are a few exceptions to the general rule that allow a foreign national to pursue a green card without a permanent job offer and completely bypass the labor certification test: First-preference Extraordinary Ability (EB-1) or a National Interest Waiver (EB-2). Both options are widely under-utilized by the immigration community.
I spend a lot of time educating clients about long-terms options they once thought were impossible. I recently worked with a client who had just started his post-doctoral research period and was working pursuant to his student visa’s optical training period. He had already attained an extremely impressive resume and had quickly become an industry leader in his very niche field of study. However, because he was still a relatively new researcher and hadn’t been working with his University for very long, they had not agreed to sponsor him for permanent residency. During our initial consultation, he expressed his concern that he would not be able to apply for a green card for some time and was afraid he had no other options. Unbeknownst to him, he was the perfect candidate for a self-sponsored EB-1 case. The case ended up being a success and he was approved within two weeks without ever having to tell his University he was even applying!
Extraordinary Ability (EB-1)
As discussed, a foreign national may “self-sponsor” their own green card by using the first-preference extraordinary ability category. This option is the highest-level category and is quite subjective in nature. Open to individuals from all fields including science, arts, education, business, or athletics, applicants must prove that they are among the top few percent of people in their field and have achieved national or international acclaim. While intimidating to some, this has become a rather attainable option for specific foreign nationals.
In short, successful applicants must provide evidence satisfying at least three of the ten enumerated criteria. As the most elite green card category available, applicants often spend months preparing their petitions and obtaining detailed reference letters from industry luminaries attesting to their top-notch standing in their field. Nonetheless, perhaps the biggest perk to this category involves the ability to expedite the processing of the application and bypass the backlog of green cards for popular countries such as India and China once approved.
National Interest Waivers (EB-2/NIW)
The second option for a self-petitioned green card case is commonly referred to as an “NIW” a.k.a. a National Interest Waiver. An NIW is like the EB-1, in that it does not require a labor market test, but the legal standard for a showing of excellence in the field is a bit lower and U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). While there is no bright-line rule for what is considered a successful case, the applicant must generally hold an advanced degree; their work must be of substantial intrinsic merit; be national in scope; and waiving the requirement of the labor certification (mentioned above) must be in the national interest.
Although there are some industries that lend itself more favorable to this category, the current influx of technological innovation will likely attract an abundance of candidates in the imminent future.
Due to the complex nature of the variety of available options, it is crucial for an individual who wishes to apply for permanent residency in the U.S. to consider all options. In order to prepare the best possible case, it is strongly recommended that applicants consult with experienced immigration counsel to assess their qualifications and advise the best strategy moving forward. If you have questions, please contact me at [email protected].
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- Fragomen in Atlanta, GA
- Fragomen in Boston, MA
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- Fragomen in Irvine, CA
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Explore more at Fragomen
Media mentions
Partner Rajiv Naik highlights the importance of transparency, clear guidance and human oversight as AI use expands in UK immigration tribunals.
Video
Senior Associate Tuğba Özyakup outlines how Europe’s Entry and Exit System (EES) introduces digital tracking of non-EU short-stay travel across the Schengen Area, requiring more proactive planning, accurate record-keeping and awareness of increased border processing times to avoid delays and overstay risks.
Media mentions
Partner Chad Ellsworth discusses recent H-1B lottery changes, including salary-weighted selection and filing restrictions, and how they are influencing employer selection outcomes and hiring approaches for foreign talent.
Work authorization
Senior Associate Tracey Kimberly explores the recent increase in RFEs for EB‑5 I‑526E petitions, highlighting heightened USCIS scrutiny of source-of-funds documentation—particularly in cases involving loan-based investments and property sale proceeds.
Work authorization
Director Audrey Morew examines how Nordic immigration systems, while increasingly digital and efficient, can embed compliance risk earlier in the process—placing greater responsibility on employers to ensure data accuracy, internal controls and long‑term compliance from the outset.
Work authorization
Partner Rick Lamanna outlines Canada’s entry requirements for the FIFA World Cup 2026, highlighting visa and eTA processes, border expectations and special measures for participants to help travelers prepare for seamless entry during the tournament.
Media mentions
Partners Aaron Blumberg and Daniel Pierce discuss how a US pause on processing certain work permit applications including OPT creates uncertainty for international students and employers while early court rulings offer limited case-specific relief.
Fragomen news
Senior Counsel Jo Antoons, Senior Immigration Managers Manuela Birsan and Andreia Ghimis, Senior Manager Wout Van Doren, Associate Pauline Chomel and Immigration Supervisor Elisabeth Kamm contributed to the European Migration Network (EMN) Belgium report "Labour Migration in Times of Labour Shortages in Belgium."
Work authorization
Manager Pierangelo D'Errico explores how Italy’s Investor Visa is emerging as a strategic alternative to diminishing EU golden visa programmes, offering high‑net‑worth individuals flexible residence rights, deferred investment timing, Schengen access and a structured—though not accelerated—pathway to long‑term EU residence.
Media mentions
Partner Rick Lamanna discusses Canada’s expanded citizenship by descent rules extending eligibility to potentially millions of people worldwide with only distant ancestral ties.
Awards
Fragomen is recognised in Ibec’s Top 100 Companies Leading in Wellbeing Index 2026, highlighting its commitment to employee wellbeing and a supportive workplace culture.
Media mentions
Partner Rajiv Naik highlights the importance of transparency, clear guidance and human oversight as AI use expands in UK immigration tribunals.
Video
Senior Associate Tuğba Özyakup outlines how Europe’s Entry and Exit System (EES) introduces digital tracking of non-EU short-stay travel across the Schengen Area, requiring more proactive planning, accurate record-keeping and awareness of increased border processing times to avoid delays and overstay risks.
Media mentions
Partner Chad Ellsworth discusses recent H-1B lottery changes, including salary-weighted selection and filing restrictions, and how they are influencing employer selection outcomes and hiring approaches for foreign talent.
Work authorization
Senior Associate Tracey Kimberly explores the recent increase in RFEs for EB‑5 I‑526E petitions, highlighting heightened USCIS scrutiny of source-of-funds documentation—particularly in cases involving loan-based investments and property sale proceeds.
Work authorization
Director Audrey Morew examines how Nordic immigration systems, while increasingly digital and efficient, can embed compliance risk earlier in the process—placing greater responsibility on employers to ensure data accuracy, internal controls and long‑term compliance from the outset.
Work authorization
Partner Rick Lamanna outlines Canada’s entry requirements for the FIFA World Cup 2026, highlighting visa and eTA processes, border expectations and special measures for participants to help travelers prepare for seamless entry during the tournament.
Media mentions
Partners Aaron Blumberg and Daniel Pierce discuss how a US pause on processing certain work permit applications including OPT creates uncertainty for international students and employers while early court rulings offer limited case-specific relief.
Fragomen news
Senior Counsel Jo Antoons, Senior Immigration Managers Manuela Birsan and Andreia Ghimis, Senior Manager Wout Van Doren, Associate Pauline Chomel and Immigration Supervisor Elisabeth Kamm contributed to the European Migration Network (EMN) Belgium report "Labour Migration in Times of Labour Shortages in Belgium."
Work authorization
Manager Pierangelo D'Errico explores how Italy’s Investor Visa is emerging as a strategic alternative to diminishing EU golden visa programmes, offering high‑net‑worth individuals flexible residence rights, deferred investment timing, Schengen access and a structured—though not accelerated—pathway to long‑term EU residence.
Media mentions
Partner Rick Lamanna discusses Canada’s expanded citizenship by descent rules extending eligibility to potentially millions of people worldwide with only distant ancestral ties.
Awards
Fragomen is recognised in Ibec’s Top 100 Companies Leading in Wellbeing Index 2026, highlighting its commitment to employee wellbeing and a supportive workplace culture.

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